Ankylosing Spondylitis
An inflammatory disease that can, over time, cause vertebrae in the spine to fuse and reduce flexibility.
Overview
Ankylosing spondylitis, also known as axial spondyloarthritis, is an inflammatory disease that over time can cause some of the bones in the spine, called vertebrae, to fuse. This fusing makes the spine less flexible and can result in a hunched posture. If the ribs are affected, it can be difficult to breathe deeply.
As the condition worsens, new bone forms as part of the body's attempt to heal, gradually bridging the gaps between vertebrae. Fused vertebrae flatten the natural curves of the spine.
Types & stages
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- When the condition is visible on X-ray.
- Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
- When it cannot be seen on X-ray but is found from symptoms, blood tests and other imaging.
Common symptoms
- Low back and hip pain and stiffness, worst in the morning and after rest
- Pain that improves with movement and exercise
- Neck pain and fatigue
- Reduced chest expansion when the ribs are involved
- Eye inflammation (uveitis) in some people
Prevention & self-care
- Maintain a daily spinal mobility and posture routine
- Swim or walk regularly to protect chest expansion
- Stop smoking to slow spinal stiffening
- Keep review appointments even during good phases
When to see a doctor
Get assessed for inflammatory back pain before age 45 that improves with exercise, or for a painful red eye with light sensitivity.
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