Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which leads to difficulty in breathing. The primary features of asthma include:

1. Airway Inflammation: The lining of the bronchial tubes becomes inflamed and swollen.
2. Airway Obstruction: The muscles around the airways tighten, further narrowing the passages.
3. Increased Mucus Production: Excess mucus is produced in the airways, which can block airflow.

These factors contribute to the symptoms of asthma, which can vary in severity and frequency. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty in breathing or feeling out of breath.
• Wheezing: A whistling or squeaky sound during breathing.
• Coughing: Especially at night or early in the morning.
• Chest Tightness: A feeling of pressure or tightness in the chest.

Asthma triggers can include:

• Allergens: Such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and mold.
• Irritants: Like smoke, pollution, and strong odors.
• Respiratory Infections: Such as the common cold.
• Physical Activity: Exercise-induced asthma.
• Weather Conditions: Cold air or changes in weather.
• Stress and Emotions: Strong emotions or stress can trigger symptoms.

Asthma is managed through a combination of long-term control medications and quick-relief inhalers. Long-term control medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, are taken daily to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms. Quick-relief inhalers, such as short-acting beta agonists, are used to quickly relieve symptoms during an asthma attack.

Regular monitoring and avoiding known triggers are essential parts of managing asthma. With proper treatment and management, individuals with asthma can lead normal, active lives.